High Resolution Methylome Map of Rat Indicates Role of Intragenic DNA Methylation in Identification of Coding Region

DNA methylation is crucial for gene regulation and maintenance of genomic stability. Rat has been a key model system in understanding mammalian systemic physiology, however detailed rat methylome remains uncharacterized till date. Here, we present the first high resolution methylome of rat liver generated using Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and high throughput sequencing (MeDIP-Seq) approach. We observed that within the DNA/RNA repeat elements, simple repeats harbor the highest degree of methylation. Promoter hypomethylation and exon hypermethylation were common features in both RefSeq genes and expressed genes (as evaluated by proteomic approach). We also found that although CpG islands were generally hypomethylated, about 6% of them were methylated and a large proportion (37%) of methylated islands fell within the exons. Notably, we obeserved significant differences in methylation of terminal exons (UTRs); methylation being more pronounced in coding/partially coding exons compared to the non-coding exons. Further, events like alternate exon splicing (cassette exon) and intron retentions were marked by DNA methylation and these regions are retained in the final transcript. Thus, we suggest that DNA methylation could play a crucial role in marking coding regions thereby regulating alternative splicing. Apart from generating the first high resolution methylome map of rat liver tissue, the present study provides several critical insights into methylome organization and extends our understanding of interplay between epigenome, gene expression and genome stability

<smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place" downloadurl="http://www.5iantlavalamp.com/"><smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City" downloadurl="http://www.5iamas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"> Crystal and molecular structure of 2-thiobenzylazobenzene (C₁₉H₁₆N₂S) </smarttagtype></smarttagtype>

863-866The title compound (I, W=X=Y=H, Z = CH2Ph) is a divalent organosulphur compound of the type Ar-S-Z belonging to the class of ortho mercaptoazo compounds. The azo group is moved away from the sulphenyl sulphur atom to attain the stable trans azo configuration. The sulphur atom has used hybrid orbitals (sp3) and not pure p-orbitals for the bond formation. The benzyl units attached to the sulphenyl sulphur and the 2-benylazo unit are moved away from each other for steric reason. The molecule is as a whole non-planar but N1 and N2 atoms are coplanar with the respective phenyl rings to which they are attached. The S1 atom is coplanar with the phenyl group to which it is attached. The dihedral angle between the mean planes passing through the atoms of the thiophenyl group and the benzyl group is 75(1)°. There is no intermolecular hydrogen bond and the molecule is stabilised by the network of Van der Waal's interaction in their crystalline assembly

<smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"><smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"> Crystal and molecular structure of <i style="">o</i>-thiobenzyl-N,N-dibenzylaniline (C₂₇H₂₅NS) </smarttagtype></smarttagtype>

172-174In crystals of o-thiobenzyl N,N-dibenzylaniline (I) (C27H25NS), there are three benzyl groups. N atom is two covalent with the C atoms of the two benzyl groups and the S atom is covalent with the C atom of the other benzyl group. The distances N1-C21, N1-C14 and S1-C7 have been found to be 1.489(4), 1.488(9) and 1.832(8)Å, respectively. The molecule is as a whole non-planar. The S1 and the N1 atoms make intramolecular hydrogen bonding. No intermolecular hydrogen bonding has been found and the molecules are stabilised by the network of Van der Waals interaction in their crystalline assembly

Computational studies on nonlinear optical property of novel Wittig-based Schiff-base ligands and copper(II) complex

<p>Hundred and forty-five novel molecules of Wittig-based Schiff-base (WSB), including copper(II) complex and precursors, were computationally screened for nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. WSB ligands were derived from various categories of amines and aldehydes. Wittig-based precursor aldehydes, (<i>E</i>)-2-hydroxy-5-(4-nitrostyryl)benzaldehyde (f) and 2-hydroxy-5-((1Z,3E)-4-phenylbuta-1,3-dien-1-yl) benzaldehyde (g) were synthesised and spectroscopically confirmed. Schiff-base ligands and copper(II) complex were designed, optimised and their NLO property was studied using <i>GAUSSIAN09</i> computer program. For both optimisation and hyperpolarisability (finite-field approach) calculations, Density Functional Theory (DFT)-based B3LYP method was applied with LANL2DZ basis set for metal ion and 6-31G* basis set for C, H, N, O and Cl atoms. This is the first report to present the structure–activity relationship between hyperpolarisability (β) and WSB ligands containing mono imine group. The study reveals that Schiff-base ligands of the category <i>N</i>-2, which are the ones derived from the precursor aldehyde, 2-hydroxy-5-(4nitro-styryl)benzaldehyde and pre-polarised WSB coordinated with Cu(II), encoded as Complex-1 (β = 14.671 × 10⁻³⁰ e.s.u) showed higher β values over other categories, <i>N</i>-1 and <i>N</i>-3, i.e. WSB derived from precursor aldehydes, 2-hydroxy-5-styrylbenzaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-5-((1Z,3E)-4-phenylbuta-1,3-dien-1-yl)benzaldehyde, respectively. For the first time here we report the geometrical isomeric effect on β value.</p

ВПЛИВ ПАНДЕМІЇ COVID-19 НА ДОСТУП ДО ПРОМЕНЕВОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ ТА ОНКОЛОГІЧНИХ ПАЦІЄНТІВ У ЦЕНТРІ ТРЕТИННОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ В АССАМІ, ПІВНІЧНО-СХІДНА ІНДІЯ: РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected every sector of health care system including the cancer care. Objective. The purpose of the study is to analyse the impact of the current COVID‑19 pandemic on routine radiotherapy practice at a tertiary hospital of Northeast India. Methods. This is a retrospective study of all patients planned for radiotherapy at Assam Medical College, a tertiary care centre, in Assam, India from January 1, 2020 to May 31, 2020. The study samples are divided into two groups: group A – patients treated from January 1, 2020, to March 20, 2020 (pre-lockdown,) and group B – patients treated from March 21, 2020, to May 31, 2020 (lockdown). The department registration numbers of all the patients were collected from the entry register, and the respective paper files were then accessed to obtain the required data. Results. A total of 153 patients were planned for radiotherapy during the study period, of these 113 patients receiving radiotherapy in the pre-lockdown period and 40 patients receiving it in the lockdown period. The number of female patients decreased from 66 (58.40%) in the pre-lockdown period to 20 (50%) during the lockdown. The number of male patients also decreased from 47 to 20 but the proportion increased from 41.5% to 50%. The proportion of patients who completed radiotherapy was 90.8% in group B compare to 88.3% in group A. Conclusion. There was a decrease in number of cancer patients, especially female during the lockdown. The pandemic has severely disrupted every aspect of cancer care.Вступ. Пандемія COVID-19 вплинула на всі сектори системи надання медичної допомоги, включаючи систему надання онкологічної допомоги. Мета. Метою нашого дослідження був аналіз впливу поточної пандемії COVID‑19 на рутинну практику променевої терапії у закладі третинної медичної допомоги на північному сході Індії. Методи. Проводилося ретроспективне дослідження із залученням пацієнтів, яким запланована променева терапія, в медичному коледжі Ассама, центрі третинної медичної допомоги, в Ассамі, Індія, з 1 січня 2020 р. по 31 травня 2020 р. Вибірку дослідження поділено на дві групи, група А включає пацієнтів, які лікувалися з 1 січня 2020 р. по 20 березня 2020 р. (прелокдаун), а група Б включає пацієнтів, які проходили лікування з 21 березня 2020 р. по 31 травня 2020 р. (локдаун). Результати. Загалом 153 пацієнтам було заплановано проведення променевої терапії протягом періоду дослідження, з них 113 пацієнтів отримували променеву терапію в період до локдауну, а 40 пацієнтів отримували її у період карантину. Кількість пацієнток різко зменшилася з 66 (58,40%) у прелокдауні до 20 (50%) під час локдауну. Пацієнтів чоловічої статі також зменшилося з 47 до 20, але частка зросла з 41,5% до 50%. Частка пацієнтів, які завершили променеву терапію, становила 90,8% у групі Б порівняно з 88,3% у групі A. Висновки. Під час карантину кількість онкологічних пацієнтів, яким надавалася медчна допомога, особливо жінок, зменшилася. Пандемія серйозно порушила всі аспекти системи надання медичної допомоги онкологічним захворюванням

Comparison of the bone-anchored pendulum appliance and the bone-anchored intraoral bodily molar distalizer: An original research

Introduction: With the advent of mini-implants, Class II correction has become routine. The study's goal was to compare the “Bone-Anchored Pendulum Appliance (BAPA)” to the “Bone-Anchored Intraoral Bodily Molar Distalizer (BAIBMD)” in terms of clinical efficacy. Materials and Procedures: Five boys and five girls were among the 10 patients in this split-mouth trial who had to have their molars distalized. On one side, BAPA Construction, and on the other, BAIBMD was piloted. A titanium mini-screw was used to secure both appliances to the bone since this was a spilled-mouth technique. The first molar bands to apply 200 g of force were used for both devices, as with all the other components that were similar for both appliances. For both sides, the nature, duration, and rate of tooth movement were compared. Using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, descriptive statistics for several parameters were examined. Results: Distalization was accomplished on both sides with clinical success. The rate of distalization did not show any significant variation. Less time was needed for distalization with BAPA, as evidenced by the statistically substantial variances in treatment duration between the two groups. Molar tipping was noticed in BAPA, and it was statistically significant. Conclusion: While the pace of distalization was equal for both appliances, BAIBMD required more time than BAPA but resulted in a distal tooth movement that was mostly translatory in nature